Juoiggas, Stolen, Interbeing

If you’re in Seattle this weekend, don’t miss the Beaivváš Sámi National Theatre performing Juoiggas at the National Nordic Museum on Friday, April 11 and again on Saturday, April 12. The performances are free, but you will want to reserve your seats. (Their Minneapolis gig sold out!).

This Friday is also the much-anticipated release of Stolen, the first Netflix adaptation of a Sámi production. Based on Ann-Helén Laestadius’s novel, the film is directed by Elle Márjá Eira, features Sámi actors and crew, and was filmed near Vittangi not far from my ancestral area. Can hardly wait.

It’s a light in the dark.

With the continuing horror of state-sponsored genocide, the potential for Trump’s return to power, and the roll back of reproductive rights (today Arizona revived a 160-year old law against abortion with no exceptions for rape or incest), I find myself drawn to outdoor walks for solace. In our local cemetery, every tombstone is a memento mori (all is temporary) and an invitation to take the long view. On Wednesday, instead of entering the grounds, I made a loop around them, listening to a fascinating podcast (The Rest is History) about Martin Luther, and making a mental note to explore the parallels between peasant and Indigenous revolts. Did Laestadius like Luther, dial back his support for reform when his salary was at stake?

Near Fulton Street, I was stopped in my tracks by a bald eagle, high in a tree. I removed my earbuds to see more clearly, as one does, and zoomed in with my cell. Wow.

What a day to be alive. The sun was gilding the magnificent elms that meet over Fulton Street. Their kinetic branches, still bare of leaves, evoked a giant lung, and also, Indra’s net. It amused to think of the eagle’s nest, a jumble of sticks and moss, as a “perfect jewel” reflecting an infinite number of other nests.

Perched above its nest, the eagle (a male, I would learn) was nearly motionless, occasionally looking left or right, then returning his beak to the shade. Avoiding sunburn, or detection by crows? Crows love to mob raptors. The wind ruffled his white tailfeathers.

I willed him to take flight but he didn’t seem to be going anywhere, so I put Goaskinviellja on speakerphone, and we listened together. As Mari evoked an eagle asking Čatne du soajáid nie čavgadit? Who bound your wings so tight? he bent his head and seemed to look directly at me.

Yeah, okay. Working on that.

After taking a ridiculous number of photos, I bid him goodbye and made a circuit of the hill, pausing at viewpoints to admire the clouds. At Kerry Park, the Space Needle looked like it had taken up smoking. So white, so bright, those clouds. Did you know clouds in the Northern hemisphere are more reflective than those in the Southern hemisphere? Not for a good reason, either.

A red car puttered past under its own white cloud: a Samoyed in the sunroof, ears like Batman.

Back home, I realized that one of my earbuds was missing. How stupid of me. Instead of putting them back in their case, I’d slipped them in my pocket and one had slipped out. As I cursed my absent-mindedness, a small voice inside asked, what if it’s a feature, not a bug? What if your tendency to lose things is related to your capacity for awe?

Oh, right. Here’s to challenging those old paradigms of mental health.

I often describe my childhood as a bell jar, isolated in the woods, deprived by Laestadian dogma of “worldly” playmates and amusements, of television, radio, concerts, sports, movies, museums, theater, Disneyland, Christmas trees, etc. What I got in spades, however, was nature. Years of intimate conversations with the weather, trees, rocks, dogs, cats, cows, and ducks in the pond, which may have inoculated me against species loneliness.

Species loneliness is a symptom of the disease of human exceptionalism. Thinking that we are alone, we cannot turn to other species for comfort, nor benefit from their counsel and compassion. In some deep-seated place, we also carry a shadow of shame for how we treat our relatives. Imagine what it would be like to live in a world where we stood tall in receiving the respect and gratitude of other species.

Robin Wall Kimmerer

When I visited the aerie several days later, there were no eagles to be seen, but tucked in a Ziplock on a telephone pole nearby was my lost earpod.

Had it been stepped on, or pecked at? I decided it had been plucked from the grass and placed their by my feathered friend. Right at eye level, next to a QR code directing me to better photos.

Thanks, brother!

Inka, August, Joonas

Recently, while researching a relative’s name online, this lovely 1926 film popped up: Med ackja och ren i Inka Läntas vinterland (With Reindeer and Sled in Inka Länta’s Winterland).

The course of events revolves around the young Sámi girl Inka Länta in her environment. The the arrival of Laestadian pastor August Lundberg stirs up emotions when his moral preaching goes too far.

A/V Club

(This version is only half as long as the original; let me know if you find a longer cut.)

Curiously, the relative I was researching, Joonas Purnu (1829-1902), was not in the film. But AI knows things, so I cast a wider net.

Bingo.

August Lundberg (1863-1930) who plays himself in the film, was rival of Purnu’s. Both men were lay preachers and became the godfathers of the two main Laestadian factions, Eastern (Lundberg) and Western (Purnu)—in a schism that launched many schisms, most recently in Wolf Lake, Minnesota. (The split that keeps on splitting.)

August Lundberg (1863-1930) by Borg Mesch

Tremors of the impending schism compelled Joonas Purnu to visit the USA in 1893, to calm the waters among Laestadian immigrants. This was also the year my morfars far Erik left Tärendö for America. At some point he visited the harness shop of his daughter Lina and her husband Oskar Walsten in Henry, South Dakota.

On left, Lina Walsten and her dad, Erik Wilhelm Lindberg, Henry, SD 1890s

Did Erik and Joonas travel together? They were relatives after all (not via Purnu from Sjokksjokk sameby, though—as Purnu was a farm name for Joonas—but via mutual Heiva ancestors from Siggevaara sameby).

Yet to be discovered.

Both men returned to Sweden.

August Lundberg was a generation younger than they, and Swedish, not Tornedalen with Sámi roots. Born in Dalarna and educated in Uppsala, August came north in 1885 to lead a Sámi mission school in Lanavaara. He married into the Laestadius family, no doubt an important factor in his success as a preacher.

A friend in Finland has copies of letters between Lundberg and my Purnu relative, Syster Mia Carlsson of Kiruna. Translated, they may help me understand the schism that continues to reverberate among descendants.

Economics played a role, e.g., Joonas Purnu forbade his followers to join unions.

To be continued . . .

Shawls & Shadows

Linnea Axelsson (Ædnan) and Sasha LePointe (Red Dirt)

TL:DR — The 6th Sámi Film Festival is this Friday and Saturday. Select Sámi shorts are online worldwide (free with trial).

Last night at Elliott Bay Books, Bob and I heard two fascinating writers, Linnea Axelsson (Ædnan) and Sasha LePointe (Red Dirt) in a thought-provoking conversation about craft, colonization, and resistance. I had many questions for both but chose to ask Linnea about passages in Ædnan that perplexed me: one in particular was about Laestadian girls in scarves, whose parents had been photographed naked by race biologists.

Linnea’s answers were clarifying, and a punch to the solar plexus. I could dimly hear Bob recommending a film as my mind saw clouds of dark scarves drifting south from Pajala, across the Atlantic, over the Black Hills, draping this girl and that one, me, my mother, sisters, grandmother, all heads bowed.

Why?

Still today, Firstborn Laestadian women cover their heads in church and for home services. Since when, I wonder. Since Laestadius? I still have my first scarf, no bigger than a dinner napkin.

I directed my unruly mind back to the room, and scribbled notes.

We saw several familiar faces there. Amy we have known for a decade since meeting her and her mom at a Swedish Club breakfast (before either suspected Sámi ancestry). Stina, Amanda, Dwayne, and Steve, all longtime supporters of Sámi programming.

But there were so few, too few! This post is especially for Steve, who had not heard about the film fest this week (I thought I posted about it here but alas, only on Facebook. Too many platforms, too little time.)

Now to digress my (updated) Facebook post: in 2018, the first Sámi “minifest” was a shoestring effort, with a part-time museum staffer (Stina), donated films (generous friends) and pro bono graphics and stuff (moi). I was all in, and had a blast.

The films were:

Under Two Skies and Sparrooabbán (2016), Suvi West

Morit Elena Morit (2017), Anders Sunna, Inga Wiktoria Påve

Kaisa’s Enchanted Forest (2018), Katja Gauriloff

Solas Datter (2018), Sara Margarethe Oskal

Familiebildet (2013), Yvonne Thomassen

2018 Promo
The vibe that was vibing

That minifest grew out of an even minier (minnier?) fest, an afternoon of Sámi shorts on the last Sunday of the Nordic Lights Festival. Also, Superbowl Sunday! Yet in six years, the audience outgrew the tiny venue (SIFF theater at Seattle Center).

(I have many fond memories of that place. It’s where I saw Suddenly Sámi, Tundra Cowboy, and Arctic Superstar, and met the artist Royal Nebeker.)

The move to the beautiful new Nordic Museum in 2018 was a mixed blessing, as the ambient noise and light in Oberg Hall were, shall we say, suboptimal. So this year’s venue, Majestic Bay, will give the films their due, with professional light and sound, and a greeting from Tom Skerrit.

Some lucky little Laestadian girls in scarves grow up to wear wool liidni and silba (bracelet by Doris Risfjell). Note that I will be gray, not blonde, but equally proud and happy this Friday for the opening film, Je’vida, by Katya Gauriloff.

Katya’s films are true works of art: quiet beauty in the service of truth. She wrote Je’vida with Sámi poet Niilas Holmberg, cast an actress I loved in the Finnish film Compartment No. 6, and shot it in b&w. Swoon.

Still from Je’vida

I am also stoked to meet this year’s curator, Liselotte Wajstedt, who hails from Kiruna with a family history of Laestadianism that makes me wonder, could we be kin. Last year I saw her short film, Sire and the Last Summer, and powerful documentary Tystnaden i Sápmi (The Silence in Sápmi). And in 2022, on what I swear was the hottest day of a very hot Venice biennale, I found myself transported—in a lávvu with a 360-degree screen—by her magical Eadni (Mother).

HOT Árran 360, San Servolo, 2022

Yes, you can stream most of the films again this year, but if you can make it in person, please do.

And tell a friend?

Happy Sámi Day!

Crystalline prose that reads like poetry and myth at once. There are intricate layers of beauty and meaning here in sparse clusters across a vast new landscape as I’ve never read before. The music of this book is old, and it is new, and it is old.

Tommy Orange, There, There and Wandering Stars

Since it was published in Sweden five years ago, I have been eager to read Linnea Axelsson’s much-celebrated Ædnan, so I was thrilled to receive it as a birthday gift this week.

It was nicely timed; the author will be signing books in Seattle next Monday.

Check out her golden Washington Post review.

The title Ædnan is an old North Sámi word for earth, land, mother, and woman. It shares the same root as eatnat, meaning much, a lot, great (from Proto-Samic eanëkën). I love how this one word holds the key to the Indigenous worldview, grounded in the experience of nature: as source, mother, abundance.

It occurs to me that Land Back, which has several meanings, is a call for universal rematriation. In Isaac Murdoch’s words, “people returning back and finding their place in those systems of life.” (Sadly the term still seems to activate more fear than understanding. Perhaps it could be reframed as Operation Prosperity Guardian?!)

I also love how eadnán appears so frequently in Sámi songs and poems, a few of which I have had the privilege of translating, most recently Mari Boine’s ballad Eadnán bákti (a Sámi poem by Kerttu Vuolab). “To Woman” is the English title.

Translating is always transcreating; in the process a new creature emerges, and one hopes it will fly. Sometimes the English words look like wings, sometimes like a clumsy giella (the Sámi word for both language and snare).

A bit like stuffing a fluttering, iridescent-feathered bird in a beat up old box that was designed for commerce, sports, or conquest. As some kid somewhere is intent on associating that box with farts in the Urban Dictionary.

I am consoled by the idea that my Sámi ancestors perceived language itself as the giella. The trap. After all, communication precedes and transcends words; it flows continuously through and between and inside and around us. Even in silence.

Ædnan contains a lot of silence. The physical heft of the book is not from ink, but from its snowy fields and margins. Evocative of Sápmi at this time of year.

I am eager to see how the book’s translator chose her snares. (I have bookmarked here her post about the process.)

If you read Ædnan, please let me know what you think.

Other local-ish events of interest:

Sámi Film Festival, with guest curator Lisolette Wajstedt, Seattle and online, Feb. 8-11

Vástádus eana – The answer is land Elle Sofe Sara in Vancouver, BC , Feb. 23-24

Wishing you a happy Sámi álbmotbeaivi next week.

Stay warm!

Found in Translation

Mari Boine, Intimiste

This interview with the Belgian magazine JazzMania is delightful for capturing Mari’s warmth and vivacity (so evident in her music), and for its title (intimist as in introspective; concerned with inner life and psychological experiences), and for its mention of two lesser-known attributes that I happen to share: un peu français and a Laestadian childhood.

If you know more than un peu français, see the original article. For the rest of us, below is a Googlified English version.

Cue up Amame and enjoy!

Mari Boine, Indre Billefjord ©️2022 Whitehorn

24 January 2024

Mari Boine, Intimist

by Yves «JB» Tassin

Always with much emotion in her voice, Mari Boine returned in 2023 with an intimate album to which keyboardist Bugge Wesseltoft brought his delicate touch. She tells us about it and also looks back on a career that is far from over.

After we are introduced, Mari says with a smile:

Continue reading

How Heavy the Heart

In the latest episode of the popular Swedish TV show Ällt för Sverige (All for Sweden), the show makes a rare visit to Sápmi. The contestants meet reindeer herders and reindeer, sleep in a lávvu, taste suovas, experience joik, and measure the weight, in blueberries, of a smoked moose heart. This is only the third time the show has ventured north in its eleven seasons, so it’s a rare treat. While missing a Sámi American contestant (eliminated in the first episode), the episode goes beyond the expected stereotypes to touch on serious issues, including Sweden’s colonial history, the effect of wind turbines on reindeer, and the racism still faced by Sámi schoolkids. The show is now casting for its next season, and previous travel in Sweden is no longer a disqualifier. So if you aren’t camera-shy and can commit to six weeks of filming next May and June, apply by January 15, 2024.

Breaking the silence

I was moved to learn that Norwegian musician Stian Soli’s song MIHÁ (for which I provided English translations) is now part of a curriculum in Norway, assisting educators in raising awareness of sex abuse, as well as how to prevent it, and the value of reporting it. Much respect to Stian and his team and to Mona, whose courage in reporting inspired the song and set many reforms in motion.

Breaking the culture of silence was a major theme in Tystnaden i Sápmi (Silence in Sápmi), the 2022 film by director Lisolette Wajstedt that was screened at the Sámi Film Festival in Seattle. As a cofounder of the festival in 2018, I am delighted that Lisolette will be the guest curator next year.

Colonial histories

Some events of potential interest to readers:

  • 2 pm, Sunday, Dec 3, 2023: Hanna Pylväinen, author of The End of Drum Time, at the National Nordic Museum. To my knowledge, the first American novelist to explore the legacy of Lars Levi Laestadius and Swedish colonialism in Tornedalen. An incredibly gifted writer.
  • 6:30 pm, Jan 17, 2024: Sámi Histories, Colonization and Today, the first in a 3-part series by instructor Christian Hans Pedersen, offered virtually by the Swedish Institute in Minneapolis. I don’t know the instructor but am eager to see what is offered.

In this poignant interview, trauma expert and Holocaust survivor Gabor Maté describes his Zionist youth and his visits to the occupied territories. This quote jumped out.

“I live in Canada. This country was founded on the suppression and erasure of the Indigenous population and the utter denial of their narrative. In Canada, for example, in the horrendous residential schools a few decades ago, if a Native child spoke their tribal language, they would have a pin stuck in their tongue. Now most Canadians are not aware of that history. Most Israelis are not aware of the history of what the Palestinians have suffered . . . as in all countries where the local population has been displaced, the majority population doesn’t know the history or the subjective experience, so if you’re asking me how to move forward, let’s inform ourselves of both sides, not just one side.”

If you can donate funds, this is a good place to give: International Rescue Committee.

Dignity Matters

Kerstin Andersson, author and activist

This is a deeply troubling time. I think those of us fortunate enough to be safe from war have an obligation to learn the history of imperialism, and to do whatever we can to reconcile its wrongs.

Tomorrow, Saturday, October 21st, is an opportunity to learn about Sweden’s history of collecting and returning Sámi remains, ceremonial objects, and images. Minnesdag (Remembrance Day) will be broadcast live from Stockholm (it starts at 13:00 CEDT, click to find your time). Some of the talks are in English (see program at end of post), and Mari Boine and Sara-Elvira Kuhmenen will joik.

Also on the schedule is Kerstin Andersson, a Sámi relative who has published about and advocated for the return of objects stolen from Unna Saiva (Kerstin also published a book about Gällivare’s Forest Sámi, Vuovddesáme i Flakaberg, to which I contributed a short chapter). Unna Saiva is a worship site that was used for over 1,000 years by our ancestors before they were displaced and dispossessed by Sweden’s colonial project. In 1915, the site was looted by archeologist Gustav Hallström, who removed (in addition to 150 kilos of animal bones) 600 metal items, including pendants, gold-plated pearls, rings, bells, coins, buckles, and arrowheads dating from the 6th century onwards. About 20 of these objects are on display at the History Museum, some 30 coins are at the Economic Museum, and the remainder is archived at the Historical Museum.

Thanks to the efforts of Kerstin and others, the collection may be coming home. The culture museum in Gällivare has officially submitted a request to house the collection, and several Sámi organizations have registered their support.

Will I get to visit the items in Gällivare next summer? Not likely, but I’m okay with that. Better a thoughtful process than a rushed one.

In 2019, the return of the Sámi remains that were removed from Lycksele in the 1950s (for race biology research) was the culmination of a five-year process that included multiple agencies and considerable collaboration, care, and ceremony, as well as public funding, a trauma-informed media strategy, and a detailed report to assist future efforts. It also located descendants in the USA who were able to attend the ceremony, an effort I gladly assisted.

Those five years are lightning fast compared to Sweden’s return of the Haisla totem pole, which was taken in 1929, officially requested in 1991, and returned in 2006. Times change. Ethics evolve. Those negotiations requiring financial sacrifice and concessions from the tribe seem ludicrous from this distance.

Dignity matters.

“It’s not just about returning physical objects. Through the ceremonial objects of our ancestors and ancestors, we get back a piece of our history and culture, a sense of wholeness and dignity.” Hannah Edenbrink Andersson

_________________

REMEMBRANCE DAY PROGRAM

Sami national anthem

Welcome
Inger Axiö Albinsson, chairman, Sami Association in Stockholm
Kerstin Andersson, board member, Amnesty Sápmi
Maritha Sandberg Lööf, presenter

Sámeviesso mujtalvis – reminders of Sami life
Docent May-Britt Öhman, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Racism, Uppsala University

Jojk, Sara-Elvira Kuhmunen

Sami remains
Burial of Sami remains from museums, Mikael Jakobsson, chairman of the National Association of Sami Ätnam
Sami remains at the Historical Museum at Lund University, Jenny Bergman, antiquarian

The racial biological image archive
Eva Forsgren, chairman, Sami association in Uppsala

International experiences (in English)
Ambassador Erik D. Ramanathan, USA
Professor Brenda Gunn, The National Center for Truth and Reconciliation, Canada

Jojk, Sara-Elvira Kuhmunen

Ceremonial items
Return of Sami offerings from Unna Saiva, Hannah Edenbrink Andersson
Returning objects to indigenous peoples, Ann Follin, Superintendent World Culture Museums

The Ministry of Culture and the National Antiquities Authority
Karin Svanborg-Sjövall, State Secretary, Ministry of Culture
Kicki Eldh, investigator, National Antiquities Office

Reflections
Lena Tjärnberg, vicar, Kiruna pastorate
Anders Hagfeldt, rector, Uppsala University
Lawen Redar, Riksdag member (S), cultural policy spokesperson
Sara-Elvira Kuhmunen, chairman, Sáminuorra

Closing speech (in English)
Stefan Mikaelsson, vice chairman of the board of the Sami Parliament

Joik, Marie Boine

.





Into the Dark Together

Recently, after getting a haircut in Ballard, I crossed the street to chat with a friendly-looking woman in sage linen overalls tending the Nordic Museum’s beds. I asked her about the BBB, the bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius) which is feasting on Seattle’s birch population, with a specific appetite for the non-native, white-barked varieties.

Damage appears first at the crown, defoliating the limbs. One of the birches near the museum sign looked stricken, and the gardener confirmed it, explaining that crown die back and the “D” shaped exit holes on the trunk are signs that tree is a goner.

I told her about the betula Jaquemonti we planted as a sapling when we bought our house thirty years ago. Now two to three stories tall, it gives us shade, kindling, catkins, compost, and habitat for birds, squirrels, and small humans. So far it appears healthy, but our neighbors’ birches are balding up top.

Drought weakens the trees natural defenses, she said. She didn’t have to mention the hottest temperatures ever recorded on the planet, and what they bode for our future. I recognize climate anxiety when I see it.

Will a future Seattle, once known for our mild climate, become a refugee city? Will drought and infestations leave the city’s tree canopy with brittle snags, lush gardens replaced with Himalayan blackberry vines? Will we see generations of Droplets in the city’s red cedars? Seattle has lost 255 acres of tree canopy in the last five years.

Dark thoughts swirled as I entered the museum, made darker by the news on my iPhone that the Titan’s passengers had been alerted to their imminent death before imploding. WTH? Why was an alarm made to sound when the hull was breached, prompting them to offload weight so they could surface, when such efforts were futile? As I tried to parse the engineers’ logic, the corollary with climate change was impossible to ignore.

When is no alarm the most compassionate?

I checked in at the museum’s reception desk, palmed my ticket, and pushed open double doors to the current installation, titled FLÓÐ (flood).

It was pitch dark. An overhead strobe gave brief glimpses of fog, a dark carpet, velvety walls. Discordant noises emerged from all sides: an industrial crash, freeway roars, whooshing wind and surf.

I blinked, willing my eyes to adjust, and reached for my glasses out of habit, but they were useless. I could not see my hand in front of my face. Inching forward, I became conscious of the clammy hand of fear at my neck.

Nothing to be afraid of, I consoled myself, swiveling to see the EXIT sign, a green glow in the fog. This is not the Hotel California. You can leave anytime you want.

But my body wasn’t having it.

It was trapped in a nightmare from childhood, stuck in a dark place, unable to escape. A therapist once suggested this was my brain processing birth trauma, which seems as likely as anything, but in that room, no doubt inspired by this podcast on epigenetics, I had a new thought. Maybe the nightmare is beneficial, in a sense, something encoded in my RNA by ancestors who had survived dark places. It is meant to alert me to get out while the getting is still good.

Is this from my Sámi ancestor who, for pummeling a Swede in a bar fight, was sentenced to a year in the medieval fortress at Varberg? Was this from my Finnish ancestor who found that the “land of the free” did not prevent mine bosses from sending him into danger ahead of the Swedes and Norwegians? Was it a gift from young Brita, blind in one eye, lying head to foot in steerage for the month-long voyage from Liverpool, her cloak wrapped tight against the fingers of chill winds and strange men?

Now the exit sign now looked like a life raft. As I shuffled toward the door, the strobe illuminated someone else in the room.

“Hi,” I whispered. “I am freaking out in here.”

“Well, sure,” she whispered back. “I still get scared, and I’m a docent.”

The kind docent consented to us holding hands and navigating the exhibit together. A problem shared is problem halved and a nightmare vanquished. When we emerged at last into the lighted hallway, we thanked one another, and spent a few minutes admiring the whimsical illustrations of The Whale Child that line the west wall. In a previous life, the docent was a children’s librarian, and she is very fond of this book by local authors.

It occurred to me that The Whale Child provides an answer to FLÓÐ.

“We are utterly screwed,” FLÓÐ seems to say. (Obviously, mileage varies.)

“We are all one in this great mystery,” says The Whale Child.

It’s an inspired pairing.

I wandered off to check on some permanent exhibits that are remarkable for what they do not say.

The first is a replica of a lappstrake / clinker–built boat, the second a mural of reindeer by a Swedish artist, and the third, a courtyard labyrinth by an Irish-American sculptor. You would never know it from the signage, but all three, lappstrake, reindeer, and labyrinth, have powerful symbolic and historical associations with the Sámi. Why nothing in the signage?

Is this a case of ye olde colonial erasure, or something else. Have the Sámi been ringing the alarm of climate change for so long that silence is considered a tender mercy? No, I thought, that can’t be. The museum has more Sámi programming than ever, and a new exhibit coming next month.

Go see FLÓÐ if you can (the exhibit is extended to August 6).

Try to find a hand to hold. We are in this together, whatever this is.